@article{Pfleiderer2014scatt-29868,
  year={2014},
  doi={10.1063/1.4881796},
  title={X-ray scattering in the vorticity direction and rheometry from confined fluids},
  volume={85},
  issn={0034-6748},
  journal={Review of Scientific Instruments},
  author={Pfleiderer, Patrick and Baik, Seung Jae and Zhamg, Zhenkun and Vleminckx, Giovanni and Lettinga, Minnie Paul and Grelet, Eric and Vermant, Jan and Clasen, Christian},
  note={Article Number: 065108}
}

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    <dc:contributor>Zhamg, Zhenkun</dc:contributor>
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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">An X-ray flexure-based microgap rheometer (X-FMR) has been designed for combining rheology and in situ small-angle X-ray scattering from the vorticity plane. The gap distance can be varied continuously from 500 μm down to several μm, which provides the unique possibility to generate a strong confinement for many complex fluids. A singular advantage of this setup is the possibility to directly probe the vorticity direction of the flow field with a microfocus X-ray beam and to probe the structural response of the fluid to combined shear and confinement in the vorticity plane. The sliding-plate setup operates over a wide range of shear rates of γ̇  = 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;–10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1 &lt;/sup&gt;and strains in the range of 10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt;–10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. The flexure-based bearing maintains the plate parallelism within 10&lt;sup&gt;−5&lt;/sup&gt; rad. The X-FMR requires very small sample volumes on the order of 10 μl. The applicability of the device is demonstrated here with limited examples of a nematic suspension of fd virus (rods), and a crystalline suspension containing sterically stabilized polystyrene-butylacrylate latex particles.</dcterms:abstract>
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