Electromigration and the structure of metallic nanocontacts

Hoffmann-Vogel, Regina

Electromigration and the structure of metallic nanocontacts

Dateien

Hoffmann-Vogel_2-17fboi0f0sawt3.pdfGröße: 9.62 MBDownloads: 1074

Datum

2017

Open Access-Veröffentlichung

Open Access Green

Sammlungen

Physik

Publikationstyp

Zeitschriftenartikel

Publikationsstatus

Published

Erschienen in

Applied Physics Reviews. 2017, 4(3), 031302. eISSN 1931-9401. Available under: doi: 10.1063/1.4994691

Zusammenfassung

This article reviews efforts to structurally characterize metallic nanocontacts. While the electronic characterization of such junctions is relatively straight forward, usually it is technically challenging to study the nanocontact’s structure at small length scales. However, knowing that the structure is the basis for understanding the electronic properties of the nanocontact, for example, it is necessary to explain the electronic properties by calculations based on structural models. Besides using a gate electrode, controlling the structure is an important way of understanding how the electronic transport properties can be influenced. A key to make structural information directly accessible is to choose a fabrication method that is adapted to the structural characterization method. Special emphasis is given to transmission electron microscopy fabrication and to thermally assisted electromigration methods due to their potential for obtaining information on both electrodes of the forming nanocontact. Controlled electromigration aims at studying the contact at constant temperature of the contact during electromigration compared to studies at constant temperature of the environment as done previously. We review efforts to calculate electromigration forces. We describe how hot spots are formed during electromigration. We summarize implications for the structure obtained from studies of the ballistic transport regime, tunneling, and Coulomb-blockade. We review the structure of the nanocontacts known from direct structural characterization. Singlecrystalline wires allow suppressing grain boundary electromigration. In thin films, the substrate plays an important role in influencing the defect and temperature distribution. Hot-spot formation and recrystallization are observed. We add information on the local temperature and current density and on alloys important for microelectronic interconnects.

Fachgebiet (DDC)

530 Physik

Zitieren

ISO 690

HOFFMANN-VOGEL, Regina, 2017. Electromigration and the structure of metallic nanocontacts. In: Applied Physics Reviews. 2017, 4(3), 031302. eISSN 1931-9401. Available under: doi: 10.1063/1.4994691

BibTex

@article{HoffmannVogel2017-09Elect-45285,
  year={2017},
  doi={10.1063/1.4994691},
  title={Electromigration and the structure of metallic nanocontacts},
  number={3},
  volume={4},
  journal={Applied Physics Reviews},
  author={Hoffmann-Vogel, Regina},
  note={Article Number: 031302}
}

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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">This article reviews efforts to structurally characterize metallic nanocontacts. While the electronic characterization of such junctions is relatively straight forward, usually it is technically challenging to study the nanocontact’s structure at small length scales. However, knowing that the structure is the basis for understanding the electronic properties of the nanocontact, for example, it is necessary to explain the electronic properties by calculations based on structural models. Besides using a gate electrode, controlling the structure is an important way of understanding how the electronic transport properties can be influenced. A key to make structural information directly accessible is to choose a fabrication method that is adapted to the structural characterization method. Special emphasis is given to transmission electron microscopy fabrication and to thermally assisted electromigration methods due to their potential for obtaining information on both electrodes of the forming nanocontact. Controlled electromigration aims at studying the contact at constant temperature of the contact during electromigration compared to studies at constant temperature of the environment as done previously. We review efforts to calculate electromigration forces. We describe how hot spots are formed during electromigration. We summarize implications for the structure obtained from studies of the ballistic transport regime, tunneling, and Coulomb-blockade. We review the structure of the nanocontacts known from direct structural characterization. Singlecrystalline wires allow suppressing grain boundary electromigration. In thin films, the substrate plays an important role in influencing the defect and temperature distribution. Hot-spot formation and recrystallization are observed. We add information on the local temperature and current density and on alloys important for microelectronic interconnects.</dcterms:abstract>
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