Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2

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2021
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Wertheim, Joel O.
Hostager, Reilly
Ryu, Diane
Merkel, Kevin
Angedakin, Samuel
Arandjelovic, Mimi
Ayimisin, Emmanuel Ayuk
Babweteera, Fred
Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien
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Molecular biology and evolution. Oxford University Press. 2021, 38(7), pp. 2818-2830. ISSN 0737-4038. eISSN 1537-1719. Available under: doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab072
Zusammenfassung

Viruses closely related to human pathogens can reveal the origins of human infectious diseases. Human herpes simplexvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are hypothesized to have arisen via host-virus codivergence and cross-species transmission. We report the discovery of novel herpes simplexviruses during a large-scale screening of fecal samples from wild gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, contrary to expectation, simplexviruses from these African apes are all more closely related to HSV-2 than to HSV-1. Molecular clock-based hypothesis testing suggests the divergence between HSV-1 and the African great ape simplexviruses likely represents a codivergence event between humans and gorillas. The simplexviruses infecting African great apes subsequently experienced multiple cross-species transmission events over the past 3 My, the most recent of which occurred between humans and bonobos around 1 Ma. These findings revise our understanding of the origins of human herpes simplexviruses and suggest that HSV-2 is one of the earliest zoonotic pathogens.

Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache
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570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
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phylogenetics, zoonosis, herpesvirus, molecular clock, ape
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ISO 690WERTHEIM, Joel O., Reilly HOSTAGER, Diane RYU, Kevin MERKEL, Samuel ANGEDAKIN, Mimi ARANDJELOVIC, Emmanuel Ayuk AYIMISIN, Fred BABWETEERA, Barbara FRUTH, Sébastien CALVIGNAC-SPENCER, 2021. Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2. In: Molecular biology and evolution. Oxford University Press. 2021, 38(7), pp. 2818-2830. ISSN 0737-4038. eISSN 1537-1719. Available under: doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab072
BibTex
@article{Wertheim2021Disco-56908,
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1093/molbev/msab072},
  title={Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2},
  number={7},
  volume={38},
  issn={0737-4038},
  journal={Molecular biology and evolution},
  pages={2818--2830},
  author={Wertheim, Joel O. and Hostager, Reilly and Ryu, Diane and Merkel, Kevin and Angedakin, Samuel and Arandjelovic, Mimi and Ayimisin, Emmanuel Ayuk and Babweteera, Fred and Fruth, Barbara and Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien}
}
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