Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2
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Viruses closely related to human pathogens can reveal the origins of human infectious diseases. Human herpes simplexvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are hypothesized to have arisen via host-virus codivergence and cross-species transmission. We report the discovery of novel herpes simplexviruses during a large-scale screening of fecal samples from wild gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, contrary to expectation, simplexviruses from these African apes are all more closely related to HSV-2 than to HSV-1. Molecular clock-based hypothesis testing suggests the divergence between HSV-1 and the African great ape simplexviruses likely represents a codivergence event between humans and gorillas. The simplexviruses infecting African great apes subsequently experienced multiple cross-species transmission events over the past 3 My, the most recent of which occurred between humans and bonobos around 1 Ma. These findings revise our understanding of the origins of human herpes simplexviruses and suggest that HSV-2 is one of the earliest zoonotic pathogens.
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WERTHEIM, Joel O., Reilly HOSTAGER, Diane RYU, Kevin MERKEL, Samuel ANGEDAKIN, Mimi ARANDJELOVIC, Emmanuel Ayuk AYIMISIN, Fred BABWETEERA, Barbara FRUTH, Sébastien CALVIGNAC-SPENCER, 2021. Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2. In: Molecular biology and evolution. Oxford University Press. 2021, 38(7), pp. 2818-2830. ISSN 0737-4038. eISSN 1537-1719. Available under: doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab072BibTex
@article{Wertheim2021Disco-56908, year={2021}, doi={10.1093/molbev/msab072}, title={Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2}, number={7}, volume={38}, issn={0737-4038}, journal={Molecular biology and evolution}, pages={2818--2830}, author={Wertheim, Joel O. and Hostager, Reilly and Ryu, Diane and Merkel, Kevin and Angedakin, Samuel and Arandjelovic, Mimi and Ayimisin, Emmanuel Ayuk and Babweteera, Fred and Fruth, Barbara and Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien} }
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