Development of the bodily self : Effects of visuomotor synchrony and visual appearance on virtual embodiment in children and adults

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2021
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Weijs, Marieke L.
Macartney, Elle
Daum, Moritz M.
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Journal of experimental child psychology. Elsevier. 2021, 210, 105200. ISSN 0022-0965. eISSN 1096-0457. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105200
Zusammenfassung

The sense of a bodily self is thought to depend on adaptive weighting and integration of bodily afferents and prior beliefs. Evidence from studies using paradigms such as the rubber hand illusion and full body illusion suggests changes in the integration of visuotactile bodily signals throughout childhood. Here, we extended this line of research by assessing how bottom-up visuomotor synchrony and expectancy, modulated by visual appearance of virtual avatars, contribute to embodiment in children. We compared responses to a first-person perspective virtual full body illusion from 8- to 12-year-old children and adults while manipulating synchrony of the avatar's movements (synchronous, 0.5-s delay, or 1-s delay compared with the participant's movements) and appearance of the avatar (human or skeleton). We measured embodiment with both subjective questionnaires and objective skin conductance responses to virtual threat. Results showed that children experienced ownership for the virtual avatar in a similar way as adults, which was reduced with increasing asynchrony, and for the skeleton avatar as compared with the human avatar. This modulation of ownership was not reflected in the skin conductance responses, which were equally high in all experimental conditions and only showed a modulation of repetition by age. In contrast, in children the subjective experience of agency was less affected by the dampening effects of visuomotor asynchrony or reduced human likeness and was overall higher. These findings suggest that children can easily embody a virtual avatar but that different aspects of embodiment develop at different rates, which could have important implications for applications of embodied virtual reality.

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Fachgebiet (DDC)
150 Psychologie
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Bodily self, Multisensory integration, Virtual reality, Body ownership, Agency, Full body illusion
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ISO 690WEIJS, Marieke L., Elle MACARTNEY, Moritz M. DAUM, Bigna LENGGENHAGER, 2021. Development of the bodily self : Effects of visuomotor synchrony and visual appearance on virtual embodiment in children and adults. In: Journal of experimental child psychology. Elsevier. 2021, 210, 105200. ISSN 0022-0965. eISSN 1096-0457. Available under: doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105200
BibTex
@article{Weijs2021Devel-57126,
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105200},
  title={Development of the bodily self : Effects of visuomotor synchrony and visual appearance on virtual embodiment in children and adults},
  volume={210},
  issn={0022-0965},
  journal={Journal of experimental child psychology},
  author={Weijs, Marieke L. and Macartney, Elle and Daum, Moritz M. and Lenggenhager, Bigna},
  note={Article Number: 105200}
}
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