Goal Striving in Groups with Implementation Intentions : Collective Planning Improves Performance
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Zusammenfassung
The present research investigates group performance from a goal-striving perspective. A model of goal striving in groups with implementation intentions (GSG-II) is developed by connecting individual-level theory that planning when, where, and how to act (forming implementation intentions, Gollwitzer, 1999) promotes goal achievement and group-level theory suggesting that groups can strive for goals individually or collectively. The GSG-II model proposes a new type of plan that refers to the group, collective implementation intentions (cII). The model’s main prediction that cII promote group performance found consistent support in six experiments with three common obstacles to keeping goal striving on track in representative group tasks (expected muscle pain in physical persistence, unexpected normative impact on creative idea generation and consumer impulse purchases, goal conflict in mixed-motive decisions) covering all performance quadrants (McGrath, 1984) and permitted processes (Steiner, 1972). Collective if-then planning thus improves group performance. Theoretical implications and future directions are discussed.
Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache
Die vorliegende Forschung untersucht Gruppenleistung aus seiner Zielstrebens-Perspektive. Ein Modell des Zielstrebens in Gruppen mit Implementation Intentions (goal striving in groups with implementation intentions, GSG-II) wird entwickelt, indem individuelle Theorie des Zielstrebens und Gruppentheorie verbunden wird: Individuen erreichen ihre Ziele besser, wenn sie planen wann, wo und wie sie zielgerichtet handeln wollen (sie Implementation Intentions formen, Gollwitzer, 1999). Menschen in Gruppen können sowohl individuell als auch kollektiv handeln. Das GSG-II schlägt somit eine neue Art von Plan vor, der sich auf die Gruppe bezieht: Collective Implementation Intention (cII). Die Vorhersage, dass cII die Gruppenleistung verbessern wurde in sechs Experimenten mit drei üblichen Hindernissen des Zielstrebens in repräsentativen Gruppenaufgaben bestätigt (erwartete Muskelschmerzen bei physischer Persistenz, unerwarteter normativer Einfluss bei kreativer Ideengenerierung und impulsiven Konsumenten-Entscheidungen, sowie Zielkonflikt bei Mixed-Motive Entscheidungen). Die Aufgaben deckten alle Performanz-Quadranten (McGrath, 1984) und erlaubten Prozesse (Steiner, 1972) ab. Kollektives wenn-dann Planen unterstützt demnach die Gruppenleistung. Theoretische Implikationen und zukünftige Forschung werden diskutiert.
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THÜRMER, J. Lukas, 2013. Goal Striving in Groups with Implementation Intentions : Collective Planning Improves Performance [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of KonstanzBibTex
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