Soziale Motivation ost- und westdeutscher Kinder
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Zusammenfassung
Effects of socialization on sodal motivation during the time before and after the German unification are analyzed in East and West Germany. It is assumed that effecls of social change on social motives depend on the developmental age. Here, prosocial motivation and aggression including its emotional and cognitive components are sludied as phenomena of social motivation. In order to control for the confounded effects of socialization conditions before and after the unification, children and adolescents were studied in a longitudinal design (first sample) and in comparison to a second sampIe of the same age groups which were studied 3 years later. The sampie size so far was n=121 16- and 18-year-old girL~ and boys from Brandenburg; n=J34 adolescents of the same age fram Konstanz and Saarbrücken; and n=61 5- and 8-year-old boys and girls and their mothers from Brandenburg, and n=98 children of the same age and their mothers from Konstanz and Saarbrücken. In the present study, only selected data from the children sampie are reported. Social motives were measured on the basis of children's answers to picture stories. East vs. West German 5-year-old children showed less prosocial intentions; however they showed an increase of prosocial intentions from 5 to 8 years so that no differences were found for 8-year-old children. While East and West German 5- and 8-year-old children from the first sampie did not differ with respect to aggression, the second sampIe of 5-year-olds tested at a later period showed significant differences: East as compared to West German children preferred more aggressive goals. Furthermore, less East German as compared to West German children were securely attached. These results are interpreted in a socialization and developmental theoretical framework integrating motivation theoretical considerations.
Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache
Es wurden mögliche Wirkungen von Sozialisations bedingungen aus der Zeit vor und nach der Wende in Ost- und Westdeutschland in ihrem Einfluß auf die Entwicklung sozialer Motive untersucht. Dabei wird von der Annahme ausgegangen, daß die Transformationsprozesse je nach Entwicklungsalter unterschiedliche Wirkungen haben. Als soziale Motive werden hier prosoziale Motivation und Aggressivität mit ihren emotionalen und kognitiven Komponenten untersucht. Um die konfundierten Effekte von Sozialisationsbedingungen vor und nach der Wende teilweise zu entzerren, wurden Kinder und Jugendliche im Längsschnitt (Primärstichprobe ) und im Vergleich zu zeitlich verschobenen (3 Jahre später) erhobenen altersgleichen Parallelstichproben untersucht (bisher insgesamt n=121 16- und 18jährige Mädchen und Jungen aus Brandenburg; n=134 gleichaltrige Jugendliche aus Konstanz und Saar~rücken; sowie insgesamt n=61 5 und 8jährige Jungen und Mädchen sowie deren Mütter aus Brandenburg und n=98 gleichaltrige Kinder sowie deren Mütter aus Konstanz und Saarbrücken). Die vorliegende Studie berücksichtigt nur einige Befunde der Kinderuntersuchung. Zur Erfassung sozialer Motive wurden Bildergeschichten vorgelegt. Ostdeutsche im Vergleich zu westdeutschen 5jährigen berichteten wenigerprosoziale Intentionen. Im Alter von 8 Jahren verschwanden die Unterschiede. Während die Aggressivität der 5- und 8jährigen Primärstichprobe keine Unterschiede aufwies, zeigten 5jährige ostdeutsche Kinder der Parallelstichprobe im Vergleich zu gleichaltrigen westdeutschen Kindern mehr Aggression. Außerdem waren weniger ostdeutsche im Vergleich zu westdeutschen Kindern sicher gebunden. Die Befunde werden im Rahmen von sozialisations- und entwicklungs psychologischen Ansätzen unter Einbeziehung von motivationstheoretischen Aspekten diskutiert.
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TROMMSDORFF, Gisela, Hans-Joachim KORNADT, Marion HESSEL-SCHERF, 1998. Soziale Motivation ost- und westdeutscher Kinder. In: OSWALD, Hans, ed.. Sozialisation und Entwicklung in den neuen Bundesländern: Ergebnisse empirischer Längsschnittforschung. Weinheim: Juventa, 1998, pp. 121-136BibTex
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