Protein Phosphatase 2B (PP2B, Calcineurin) in Paramecium : Partial Characterization Reveals That Two Members of the Unusually Large Catalytic Subunit Family Have Distinct Roles in Calcium-Dependent Processes

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2010
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Fraga, Dean
Sehring, Ivonne Margarete
Reiss, M.
Gaines, Ray
Hinrichsen, Robert
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Eurkaryotic Cell. 2010, 9(7), pp. 1049-1063. ISSN 1535-9778. eISSN 1535-9786. Available under: doi: 10.1128/EC.00322-09
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We characterized the calcineurin (CaN) gene family, including the subunits CaNA and CaNB, based upon sequence information obtained from the Paramecium genome project. Paramecium tetraurelia has seven subfamilies of the catalytic CaNA subunit and one subfamily of the regulatory CaNB subunit, with each subfamily having two members of considerable identity on the amino acid level (>55% between subfamilies, >94% within CaNA subfamilies, and full identity in the CaNB subfamily). Within CaNA subfamily members, the catalytic domain and the CaNB binding region are highly conserved and molecular modeling revealed a three-dimensional structure almost identical to a human ortholog. At 14 members, the size of the CaNA family is unprecedented, and we hypothesized that the different CaNA subfamily members were not strictly redundant and that at least some fulfill different roles in the cell. This was tested by selecting two phylogenetically distinct members of this large family for posttranscriptional silencing by RNA interference. The two targets resulted in differing effects in exocytosis, calcium dynamics, and backward swimming behavior that supported our hypothesis that the large, highly conserved CaNA family members are not strictly redundant and that at least two members have evolved diverse but overlapping functions. In sum, the occurrence of CaN in Paramecium spp., although disputed in the past, has been established on a molecular level. Its role in exocytosis and ciliary beat regulation in a protozoan, as well as in more complex organisms, suggests that these roles for CaN were acquired early in the evolution of this protein family.

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ISO 690FRAGA, Dean, Ivonne Margarete SEHRING, Roland KISSMEHL, M. REISS, Ray GAINES, Robert HINRICHSEN, Helmut PLATTNER, 2010. Protein Phosphatase 2B (PP2B, Calcineurin) in Paramecium : Partial Characterization Reveals That Two Members of the Unusually Large Catalytic Subunit Family Have Distinct Roles in Calcium-Dependent Processes. In: Eurkaryotic Cell. 2010, 9(7), pp. 1049-1063. ISSN 1535-9778. eISSN 1535-9786. Available under: doi: 10.1128/EC.00322-09
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@article{Fraga2010Prote-8576,
  year={2010},
  doi={10.1128/EC.00322-09},
  title={Protein Phosphatase 2B (PP2B, Calcineurin) in Paramecium : Partial Characterization Reveals That Two Members of the Unusually Large Catalytic Subunit Family Have Distinct Roles in Calcium-Dependent Processes},
  number={7},
  volume={9},
  issn={1535-9778},
  journal={Eurkaryotic Cell},
  pages={1049--1063},
  author={Fraga, Dean and Sehring, Ivonne Margarete and Kissmehl, Roland and Reiss, M. and Gaines, Ray and Hinrichsen, Robert and Plattner, Helmut}
}
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