Conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians

Lade...
Vorschaubild
Dateien
Chiari_2.pdf
Chiari_2.pdfGröße: 16.41 MBDownloads: 138
Chiari_1.pdf
Chiari_1.pdfGröße: 15.38 MBDownloads: 149
Datum
2005
Autor:innen
Chiari, Ylenia
Herausgeber:innen
Kontakt
ISSN der Zeitschrift
Electronic ISSN
ISBN
Bibliografische Daten
Verlag
Schriftenreihe
Auflagebezeichnung
DOI (zitierfähiger Link)
ArXiv-ID
Internationale Patentnummer
Angaben zur Forschungsförderung
Projekt
Open Access-Veröffentlichung
Open Access Green
Sammlungen
Core Facility der Universität Konstanz
Gesperrt bis
Titel in einer weiteren Sprache
"Conservation genetics" von Amphibien Madagaskars
Forschungsvorhaben
Organisationseinheiten
Zeitschriftenheft
Publikationstyp
Dissertation
Publikationsstatus
Published
Erschienen in
Zusammenfassung

Conservation genetics is a relatively newly recognized subdiscipline of conservation biology and aims to minimize the risk of decline or extinction due to genetic factors. This subdiscipline is lately growing really fast, according to the publications of text books on this topic and the creation of a new journal specific for the field.
In this thesis I present the work of three years of Ph.D. research on conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians. The aim of this thesis was to start a genetic survey of species of frogs for which other data on distribution and, in particular, restriction to primary forest habitat were available (Vences et al. 1999). The importance of the chapters presented in this thesis is that they represent the first studies on genetic variability within species and species groups done on a group (Anura) with incredibly high level of endemism in Madagascar, one of the richest hotspot for biodiversity conservation of the world. On the island, habitat destruction such as deforestation with the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture and heavy anthropogenic pressure negatively affect amphibian survivorship and distribution. In particular cophyline microhylids and some clades of mantellids are sensitive to forest fragmentation and loss of habitat. Additionally some colourful species of the genera Mantella, Dyscophus and Scaphiophryne are exported in high numbers for the pet trade.
My research includes constructing robust phylogenies (Chapters 2 and 7), resolving the taxonomic uncertainties (Chapter 5), identifying genetic units for conservation (Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5), resolving the extent of gene flow among populations (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), correlating genetic variability and ecology (Chapter 2) and study the utility of commonly used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers (Chapters 6, 7 and 8). The work I present here represents the first data collected at the population level on Malagasy frogs. My research involves the Mantella madagascariensis, M. cowani and M. bernhardi species groups and Dyscophus antongilii and guineti (all on CITES appendices I and II, except D. guineti), of which mitochondrial and nuclear sequences and microsatellite data were assembled. Among the species analyzed in my work, the genus Mantella is particularly interesting from an evolutionary point of view also for its variation in coloration (analyzed and presented in Chapter 2), for the presence of toxins in the skin and for a peculiar reproductive behaviour (shared with the genus Mantidactylus). Moreover, the clarification of taxonomic uncertainties and the identification of conservation units directly contribute to conservation efforts and establishment of export quotas, and will be helpful in defining possible strategies of sustainable use of these frogs.
As my Ph.D. work is the first one into population and conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians, further studies should be focused on the analyses of the genetic variability within and among the other species of Malagasy frogs, combining both mitochondrial and nuclear data. This kind of study should be carrying out also on other species and other vertebrate groups with different dispersal capacity and biology.
In Chapter 1, the genus Mantella is studied from a phylogenetic and population genetic point of view. In Chapter 2, the work presented in Chapter 1 has been extended to more populations and more individuals within the genus Mantella. Individuals with intermediate coloration have also been included and the evolution of coloration was studied in this chapter with more attention to the M. madagascariensis group.
Chapters 3 and 4 are focused on a population genetic analysis of two other species group within the genus Mantella, the M. cowani (Chapter 3) and M. bernhardi (Chapter 4) species groups. Chapter 3 shows the results on the degree and distribution of the genetic variation and phylogeography of two species of the Mantella cowani species group, M. cowani and M. baroni.
In Chapter 5 the importance of resolving taxonomic uncertainties for conservation measures is analyzed through the case of Dyscophus antongilii and D. guineti. D. antongilii is currently included in Appendix I of CITES and its exportation is banned completely, while D. guineti does not receive any legal protection and it is regularly exported.
Chapters 6, 7 and 8 show the results on the study on the performance of different mitochondrial and nuclear markers to be used to answer different biological questions.

Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache

Bei Conservation genetics handelt es sich eine vergleichsweise neue Teildisziplin der Ökologie, die versucht Risiken von Rückgang oder Extinktion aufgrund genetischer Faktoren zu minimieren. Diese Teildisziplin hat in der letzten Zeit an Bedeutung gewonnen, gemessen an Veröffentlichungen in Lehrbüchern und der Auflage einer Fachpublikation ausschließlich für dieses Forschungsfeld. Diese Doktorarbeit repräsentiert drei Jahre Forschung in Conservation genetics von Amphibien Madagaskars. Diese Arbeit stellt den Beginn einer genetischen Erfassung von Froscharten dar, für die bereits Daten zur Verbreitung vorliegen und die auf Primärwald beschränkt (Vences et al. 1999). Diese Arbeit beinhaltet die ersten Studien zur genetischen Variabilität innerhalb und zwischen größtenteils endemischen Arten der Gruppe Anura in Madagaskar, einem der weltweit wichtigsten Hotspots für Biodiversität. Habitatzerstörungen, wie Entwaldung durch Brandrodung und andere anthropogene Einflüsse haben dort negativen Einfluß auf das Überleben und die Verbreitung der Amphibien. Besonders betroffen von der Wald-Fragmentierung und Habitatverlust sind cophyline Microhyliden und einige Kladen der Mantelliden. Darüber hinaus werden besonders farbenprächtige Arten der Gattungen Mantella, Dyscophus und Scaphiophryne in hoher Zahl als Terrarientiere exportiert. Meine Forschung beinhaltet die Rekonstruktion robuster Phylogenien (Kapitel 2 und 7), die Klärung taxonomischer Unsicherheiten (Kapitel 5), die Identifizierung genetischer Einheiten für Arterhaltung (Kapitel 2, 3, 4 und 5), die Messung des Genflusses zwischen Populationen (Kapitel 1, 2, 3, 4 und 5), die Korrelation von genetischer Variabilität und Ökologie (Kapitel 2) und die Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit von allgemein verwendeter mitochondrialer und nuklearer Marker (Kapitel 6, 7 und 8). In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zum ersten Mal Daten genutzt, die auf dem Populationsniveau der madagassischen Frösche ermittelt wurden. Im Rahmen meiner Arbeit wurden mitchondriale und nukleare Sequenzen, sowie Mikrosatelliten-Daten für die folgenden Arten erhoben: Mantella madagascariensis, M. cowani und M. bernhardi species groups and Dyscophus antongilii und Dyscophus guineti (alle CITES Appendizes I und II, außer D. guineti). Unter den analysierten Arten dieser Studie ist die Gattung Mantella von besonderem Interesse, vor allem unter Gesichtspunkten der Evolution, der Farbvariation (untersucht in Kapitel 2), des Vorkommens von Giften in der Haut und dem besonderen Fortpflanzungsverhalten (gemeinsam mit der Gattung Mantidactylus). Darüber hinaus können die Klärung taxonomischer Unsicherheiten und die Identifizierung von genetischen Einheiten zur Arterhaltung zum Schutz der Tiere und zur Etablierung von Exportquoten beitragen, was hoffentlich zu nachhaltigen Strategien führt, welche die Nutzung der Frösche in einem vernünftigen Maße sichern.
Da meine Dissertation die erste Arbeit zur Populationsgenetik und conservation genetics darstellt, sollten zukünftige Studien sich auf die Analyse genetischer Variabilität innerhalb und zwischen anderen Arten madagassischer Frösche konzentrieren. Dabei empfiehlt sich die Kombination mitochondrialer und nuklearer Daten. Ebenfalls untersucht werden sollten andere Gruppen von Vertebraten mit anderen Ausbreitungsformen und anderer Biologie.
In Kapitel 1 wird die Gattung Mantella phylogenetisch und populationsgenetisch untersucht. In Kapitel 2 wird die Arbeit, die in Kapitel 1 beschrieben wurde, erweitert um
mehr Populationen und mehr Individuen der Gattung Mantella.
Die Kapitel 3 und 4 beschäftigen sich mit der Populationsgenetik zweier anderen
Gruppen der Gattung Mantella, die M. cowani (Kapitel 3) und M. bernhardi (Kapitel 4)
Gruppen. Kapitel 3 zeigt Resultate zum Ausmaß und der Verteilung genetischer Variation, sowie die Phylogeographie zweier Arten der Mantella cowani-Gruppe (M. cowani und M. baroni).
In Kapitel 5 wird die Bedeutung der Klärung taxonomischer Unsicherheiten für Erhaltungsmessungen anhand der Arten Dyscophus antongilii und D. guineti analysiert. D. antongilii wird zur Zeit im Appendix I von CITES geführt und jeglicher Export ist verboten. D. guinetti hingegen unterliegt keinem Schutz und wird legal exportiert.
Die Kapitel 6, 7 und 8 zeigen Resultate der Evaluation verschiedener mitochondrialer und nuklearer Markersysteme, die zur Beantwortung verschiedener biologischer Fragestellungen herangezogen werden.

Fachgebiet (DDC)
570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Schlagwörter
Amphibians, Madagascar, Conservation, Genetics
Konferenz
Rezension
undefined / . - undefined, undefined
Zitieren
ISO 690CHIARI, Ylenia, 2005. Conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians [Dissertation]. Konstanz: University of Konstanz
BibTex
@phdthesis{Chiari2005Conse-6923,
  year={2005},
  title={Conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians},
  author={Chiari, Ylenia},
  address={Konstanz},
  school={Universität Konstanz}
}
RDF
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:bibo="http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/"
    xmlns:dspace="http://digital-repositories.org/ontologies/dspace/0.1.0#"
    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
    xmlns:void="http://rdfs.org/ns/void#"
    xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/rdf/resource/123456789/6923">
    <dc:creator>Chiari, Ylenia</dc:creator>
    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2011-03-24T17:30:11Z</dc:date>
    <dc:contributor>Chiari, Ylenia</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:available rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2011-03-24T17:30:11Z</dcterms:available>
    <dcterms:rights rdf:resource="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/"/>
    <dcterms:alternative>"Conservation genetics" von Amphibien Madagaskars</dcterms:alternative>
    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
    <dcterms:isPartOf rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/rdf/resource/123456789/28"/>
    <dspace:hasBitstream rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/6923/2/Chiari_1.pdf"/>
    <dspace:isPartOfCollection rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/rdf/resource/123456789/28"/>
    <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
    <foaf:homepage rdf:resource="http://localhost:8080/"/>
    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Conservation genetics is a relatively newly recognized subdiscipline of conservation biology and aims to minimize the risk of decline or extinction due to genetic factors. This subdiscipline is lately growing really fast, according to the publications of text books on this topic and the creation of a new journal specific for the field.&lt;br /&gt;In this thesis I present the work of three years of Ph.D. research on conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians. The aim of this thesis was to start a genetic survey of species of frogs for which other data on distribution and, in particular, restriction to primary forest habitat were available (Vences et al. 1999). The importance of the chapters presented in this thesis is that they represent the first studies on genetic variability within species and species groups done on a group (Anura) with incredibly high level of endemism in Madagascar, one of the richest  hotspot  for biodiversity conservation of the world. On the island, habitat destruction such as deforestation with the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture and heavy anthropogenic pressure negatively affect amphibian survivorship and distribution. In particular cophyline microhylids and some clades of mantellids are sensitive to forest fragmentation and loss of habitat. Additionally some colourful species of the genera Mantella, Dyscophus and Scaphiophryne are exported in high numbers for the pet trade.&lt;br /&gt;My research includes constructing robust phylogenies (Chapters 2 and 7), resolving the taxonomic uncertainties (Chapter 5), identifying genetic units for conservation (Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5), resolving the extent of gene flow among populations (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), correlating genetic variability and ecology (Chapter 2) and study the utility of commonly used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers (Chapters 6, 7 and 8). The work I present here represents the first data collected at the population level on Malagasy frogs. My research involves the Mantella madagascariensis, M. cowani and M. bernhardi species groups and Dyscophus antongilii and guineti (all on CITES appendices I and II, except D. guineti), of which mitochondrial and nuclear sequences and microsatellite data were assembled. Among the species analyzed in my work, the genus Mantella is particularly interesting from an evolutionary point of view also for its variation in coloration (analyzed and presented in Chapter 2), for the presence of toxins in the skin and for a peculiar reproductive behaviour (shared with the genus Mantidactylus). Moreover, the clarification of taxonomic uncertainties and the identification of conservation units directly contribute to conservation efforts and establishment of export quotas, and will be helpful in defining possible strategies of sustainable use of these frogs.&lt;br /&gt;As my Ph.D. work is the first one into population and conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians, further studies should be focused on the analyses of the genetic variability within and among the other species of Malagasy frogs, combining both mitochondrial and nuclear data. This kind of study should be carrying out also on other species and other vertebrate groups with different dispersal capacity and biology.&lt;br /&gt;In Chapter 1, the genus Mantella is studied from a phylogenetic and population genetic point of view. In Chapter 2, the work presented in Chapter 1 has been extended to more populations and more individuals within the genus Mantella. Individuals with intermediate coloration have also been included and the evolution of coloration was studied in this chapter with more attention to the M. madagascariensis group.&lt;br /&gt;Chapters 3 and 4 are focused on a population genetic analysis of two other species group within the genus Mantella, the M. cowani (Chapter 3) and M. bernhardi (Chapter 4) species groups. Chapter 3 shows the results on the degree and distribution of the genetic variation and phylogeography of two species of the Mantella cowani species group, M. cowani and M. baroni.&lt;br /&gt;In Chapter 5 the importance of resolving taxonomic uncertainties for conservation measures is analyzed through the case of Dyscophus antongilii and D. guineti. D. antongilii is currently included in Appendix I of CITES and its exportation is banned completely, while D. guineti does not receive any legal protection and it is regularly exported.&lt;br /&gt;Chapters 6, 7 and 8 show the results on the study on the performance of different mitochondrial and nuclear markers to be used to answer different biological questions.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dspace:hasBitstream rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/6923/1/Chiari_2.pdf"/>
    <dc:rights>terms-of-use</dc:rights>
    <bibo:uri rdf:resource="http://kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/6923"/>
    <dcterms:hasPart rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/6923/2/Chiari_1.pdf"/>
    <void:sparqlEndpoint rdf:resource="http://localhost/fuseki/dspace/sparql"/>
    <dcterms:hasPart rdf:resource="https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/6923/1/Chiari_2.pdf"/>
    <dcterms:title>Conservation genetics of Malagasy amphibians</dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:issued>2005</dcterms:issued>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
Interner Vermerk
xmlui.Submission.submit.DescribeStep.inputForms.label.kops_note_fromSubmitter
Kontakt
URL der Originalveröffentl.
Prüfdatum der URL
Prüfungsdatum der Dissertation
December 19, 2005
Finanzierungsart
Kommentar zur Publikation
Allianzlizenz
Corresponding Authors der Uni Konstanz vorhanden
Internationale Co-Autor:innen
Universitätsbibliographie
Begutachtet
Diese Publikation teilen