@article{Wirth2008Origi-7205,
  year={2008},
  doi={10.1371/journal.ppat.1000160},
  title={Origin, Spread and Demography of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex},
  number={9},
  volume={4},
  journal={PLoS Pathogens},
  author={Wirth, Thierry and Hildebrand, Falk and Allix-Béguec, Caroline and Wölbeling, Florian and Kubica, Tanja and Kremer, Kristin and Soolingen, Dick van and Rüsch-Gerdes, Sabine and Locht, Camille and Brisse, Sylvain and Meyer, Axel and Supply, Philip and Niemann, Stefan},
  note={Article Number: e1000160}
}

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    <dcterms:title>Origin, Spread and Demography of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex</dcterms:title>
    <dc:contributor>Allix-Béguec, Caroline</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Locht, Camille</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Supply, Philip</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Wirth, Thierry</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Niemann, Stefan</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">The evolutionary timing and spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), one of the most successful groups of bacterial pathogens, remains largely unknown. Here, using mycobacterial tandem repeat sequences as genetic markers, we show that the MTBC consists of two independent clades, one composed exclusively of M. tuberculosis lineages from humans and the other composed of both animal and human isolates. The latter also likely derived from a human pathogenic lineage, supporting the hypothesis of an original human host. Using Bayesian statistics and experimental data on the variability of the mycobacterial markers in infected patients, we estimated the age of the MTBC at 40,000 years, coinciding with the expansion of  modern  human populations out of Africa. Furthermore, coalescence analysis revealed a strong and recent demographic expansion in almost all M. tuberculosis lineages, which coincides with the human population explosion over the last two centuries. These findings thus unveil the dynamic dimension of the association between human host and pathogen populations.</dcterms:abstract>
    <dc:creator>Niemann, Stefan</dc:creator>
    <dc:date rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2011-03-24T17:32:39Z</dc:date>
    <dc:creator>Kubica, Tanja</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Soolingen, Dick van</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Wölbeling, Florian</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Supply, Philip</dc:creator>
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    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation>First publ. in: PLoS Pathogens 4 (2008), 9, e1000160</dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
    <dc:creator>Rüsch-Gerdes, Sabine</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Wirth, Thierry</dc:creator>
    <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
    <dc:contributor>Meyer, Axel</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:creator>Locht, Camille</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Brisse, Sylvain</dc:creator>
    <dc:contributor>Achtman, Mark</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Rüsch-Gerdes, Sabine</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Kubica, Tanja</dc:contributor>
    <dc:contributor>Brisse, Sylvain</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Hildebrand, Falk</dc:contributor>
    <dc:rights>Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic</dc:rights>
    <dc:creator>Wölbeling, Florian</dc:creator>
    <dcterms:issued>2008</dcterms:issued>
    <dc:creator>Meyer, Axel</dc:creator>
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    <dc:creator>Soolingen, Dick van</dc:creator>
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    <dc:contributor>Kremer, Kristin</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Allix-Béguec, Caroline</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Hildebrand, Falk</dc:creator>
    <dc:creator>Kremer, Kristin</dc:creator>
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