Beuther, H., Mottram, J. C., Ahmadi, A., Bosco, F., Linz, H., Henning, Th, Klaassen, P., Winters, J. M., Maud, L. T., Kuiper, R., Semenov, D., Gieser, C., Peters, T., Urquhart, J. S., Pudritz, R., Ragan, S. E., Feng, S., Keto, E., Leurini, S., Cesaroni, R., Beltran, M., Palau, A., Sanchez-Monge, A., Galvan-Madrid, R., Zhang, Q., Schilke, P., Wyrowski, F., Johnston, K. G., Longmore, S. N., Lumsden, S., Hoare, M., Menten, K. M. and Csengeri, T. (2018). Fragmentation and disk formation during high-mass star formation IRAM NOEMA (Northern Extended Millimeter Array) large program CORE. Astron. Astrophys., 617. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Context. High-mass stars form in clusters, but neither the early fragmentation processes nor the detailed physical processes leading to the most massive stars are well understood. Aims. We aim to understand the fragmentation, as well as the disk formation, outflow generation, and chemical processes during high-mass star formation on spatial scales of individual cores. Methods. Using the IRAM Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in combination with the 30 m telescope, we have observed in the IRAM large program CORE the 1.37 mm continuum and spectral line emission at high angular resolution (similar to 0.4 '') for a sample of 20 well-known high-mass star-forming regions with distances below 5.5 kpc and luminosities larger than 10(4) L-circle dot. Results. We present the overall survey scope, the selected sample, the observational setup, and the main goals of CORE. Scientifically, we concentrated on the mm continuum emission on scales on the order of 1000 AU. We detect strong mm continuum emission from all regions, mostly due to the emission from cold dust. The fragmentation properties of the sample are diverse. We see extremes where some regions are dominated by a single high-mass core whereas others fragment into as many as 20 cores A minimum-spanning-tree analysis finds fragmentation at scales on the order of the thermal Jeans length or smaller suggesting that turbulent fragmentation is less important than thermal gravitational fragmentation. The diversity of highly fragmented vs. singular regions can be explained by varying initial density structures and/or different initial magnetic field strengths. Conclusions. A large sample of high-mass star-forming regions at high spatial resolution allows us to study the fragmentation properties of young cluster-forming regions. The smallest observed separations between cores are found around the angular resolution limit which indicates that further fragmentation likely takes place on even smaller spatial scales. The CORE project with its numerous spectral line detections will address a diverse set of important physical and chemical questions in the field of high-mass star formation.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Beuther, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mottram, J. C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ahmadi, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bosco, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Linz, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, ThUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Klaassen, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Winters, J. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Maud, L. T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kuiper, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Semenov, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gieser, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Peters, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Urquhart, J. S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pudritz, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ragan, S. E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Feng, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Keto, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Leurini, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cesaroni, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Beltran, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Palau, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sanchez-Monge, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Galvan-Madrid, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Zhang, Q.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schilke, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wyrowski, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Johnston, K. G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Longmore, S. N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lumsden, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hoare, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Menten, K. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Csengeri, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-172556
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833021
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 617
Date: 2018
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; CONTINUUM EMISSION; DUST CONTINUUM; HII-REGIONS; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; PROTOSTARS; ACCRETIONMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/17255

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