Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauboeck, M., Berger, J. P., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cardoso, V, Clenet, Y., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dexter, J., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Schreiber, N. M. Foerster, Garcia, P., Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Habibi, M., Haubois, X., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Jimenez-Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kaufer, A., Kervella, P., Lacour, S., Lapeyrere, V, Le Bouquin, J-B, Lena, P., Nowak, M., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Shangguan, J., Scheithauer, S., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I, Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Yazici, S. and Zins, G. (2020). Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. Astron. Astrophys., 636. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

The star S2 orbiting the compact radio source Sgr A* is a precision probe of the gravitational field around the closest massive black hole (candidate). Over the last 2.7 decades we have monitored the star's radial velocity and motion on the sky, mainly with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics (AO) instruments on the ESO VLT, and since 2017, with the four-telescope interferometric beam combiner instrument GRAVITY. In this Letter we report the first detection of the General Relativity (GR) Schwarzschild Precession (SP) in S2's orbit. Owing to its highly elliptical orbit (e=0.88), S2's SP is mainly a kink between the pre-and post-pericentre directions of motion approximate to +/- 1 year around pericentre passage, relative to the corresponding Kepler orbit. The superb 2017-2019 astrometry of GRAVITY defines the pericentre passage and outgoing direction. The incoming direction is anchored by 118 NACO-AO measurements of S2's position in the infrared reference frame, with an additional 75 direct measurements of the S2-Sgr A* separation during bright states (flares) of Sgr A*. Our 14-parameter model fits for the distance, central mass, the position and motion of the reference frame of the AO astrometry relative to the mass, the six parameters of the orbit, as well as a dimensionless parameter f(SP) for the SP (f(SP)=0 for Newton and 1 for GR). From data up to the end of 2019 we robustly detect the SP of S2, delta phi approximate to 12 ' per orbital period. From posterior fitting and MCMC Bayesian analysis with different weighting schemes and bootstrapping we find f(SP)=1.10 +/- 0.19. The S2 data are fully consistent with GR. Any extended mass inside S2's orbit cannot exceed approximate to 0.1% of the central mass. Any compact third mass inside the central arcsecond must be less than about 1000 M-circle dot.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Abuter, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Amorim, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bauboeck, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Berger, J. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bonnet, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Brandner, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cardoso, VUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Clenet, Y.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
de Zeeuw, P. T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dexter, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eckart, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eisenhauer, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schreiber, N. M. FoersterUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gao, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gendron, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Genzel, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gillessen, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Habibi, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haubois, X.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hippler, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Horrobin, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jimenez-Rosales, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jochum, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jocou, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kaufer, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kervella, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lacour, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lapeyrere, VUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Le Bouquin, J-BUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lena, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ott, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paumard, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perraut, K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perrin, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pfuhl, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rodriguez-Coira, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Shangguan, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Scheithauer, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stadler, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straub, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straubmeier, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sturm, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tacconi, L. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vincent, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
von Fellenberg, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Waisberg, IUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Widmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wieprecht, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wiezorrek, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Woillez, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Yazici, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Zins, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-336911
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202037813
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 636
Date: 2020
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
SGR A-ASTERISK; STELLAR ORBITS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; YOUNG STARS; GALAXY; RESOLUTION; SINFONI; FIELD; MILKY; DYNAMICSMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/33691

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