Universität zu Köln

Capel Ferron, C., Leon-Reina, L., Jorge-Villar, S., Compana, J. M., Aranda, M. A. G., Lopez Navarrete, J. T., Hernandez, V., Medianero, F. J., Ramos, J., Weniger, G. -C., Dominguez-Bella, S., Linstaedter, J., Cantalejo, P., Espejo, M. and Duran Valsero, J. J. (2015). Combined Raman spectroscopic and Rietveld analyses as a useful and nondestructive approach to studying flint raw materials at prehistoric archaeological sites. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci., 7 (2). S. 235 - 244. HEIDELBERG: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. ISSN 1866-9565

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Abstract

A set of six lithic tools, unearthed along 2011 in two karst sites of the Guadalteba County (Malaga, Spain), has been nondestructively investigated by Raman spectroscopy and laboratory x-ray diffraction. From a chemist's point of view, our goal is to develop a systematic screening protocol for a quick, easy, low cost and nondestructive characterization of archaeological flints based on Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement. In this paper, we firstly made use of Raman spectroscopy to determine, in a semiquantitative way, but with the generic advantage of a faster data acquisition than x-ray diffraction, the surface content of moganite of each lithic tool, from the ratio between the relative intensities of the two Raman-active symmetric stretching vibrations (A(1) modes) of alpha-quartz (465 cm(-1)) and moganite (501 cm(-1)). The precise bulk quartz/moganite weight content was then accurately quantified by means of high-quality x-ray diffraction, followed by Rietveld refinement. We found a general good correlation between Raman and x-ray data. Nonetheless, as recently reported in the scientific literature by other authors, the vibrational spectroscopic quantification of moganite in silica rocks like flint and chert have to be performed very cautiously, to avoid undesired interferences from other Raman features due to the eventual presence of silanol (SiOH) groups, which could finally lead to an overestimation of the surface moganite concentration. As reported in such a recent article, a useful treatment to reduce the interference from silanol-bands is to heat the samples prior to their Raman analysis at a minimum of 600 A(0)C (but better at 700 or 800 A(0)C) for silanol dehydration. This, in our opinion, may be for sure a satisfactory procedure when studying flint or chert samples of a geological origin. But not of practical use when studying lithic tools which were manufactured by men thousands and thousands of years ago.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Capel Ferron, C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Leon-Reina, L. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Jorge-Villar, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Compana, J. M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Aranda, M. A. G. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Lopez Navarrete, J. T. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hernandez, V. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Medianero, F. J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Ramos, J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Weniger, G. -C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Dominguez-Bella, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Linstaedter, J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Cantalejo, P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Espejo, M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Duran Valsero, J. J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-402746
DOI:	10.1007/s12520-014-0189-0
Journal or Publication Title:	Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci.
Volume:	7
Number:	2
Page Range:	S. 235 - 244
Date:	2015
Publisher:	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
Place of Publication:	HEIDELBERG
ISSN:	1866-9565
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; SILICA POLYMORPH; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICA; MADRID BASIN; MOGANITE; VARIETIES; CHERTS; QUARTZ; SPAIN Multiple languages Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/40274