Babinka, Slavica: Multi-Tracer Study of Karst Waters and Lake Sediments in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina : Plitvice Lakes National Park and Bihać area. - Bonn, 2007. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-11858
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3151,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-11858,
author = {{Slavica Babinka}},
title = {Multi-Tracer Study of Karst Waters and Lake Sediments in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina : Plitvice Lakes National Park and Bihać area},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2007,
note = {Karst aquifers in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina represent an important freshwater resource for the Plitvice Lakes National Park and the Bihać area. In the present study an integrative approach was applied to investigate karst water and lake sediments with isotope-hydrological, geochemical and geochronological methods. The thesis focuses on the determination of groundwater flow dynamics, the water balance of the Plitvice Lakes National Park and the estimation of aquifer storage capacity using mean residence times (MRTs) of spring water. Sediment dating with 137Cs and 210Pb methods was performed on five cores of the Plitvice Lakes to establish a chronology of anthropogenic input into the lakes, since some of the lakes became biologically more productive (eutrophication) in the last decades and human influence cannot be excluded.
Stable isotopes (2H and 18O) give evidence for a predominantly continental (80%) and less the Mediterranean (20%) influence in precipitation of the Plitvice Lakes. Infiltrated water flows through hydraulically connected aquifers from two different recharge areas in Croatia towards Bosnia-Herzegovina and emerges in springs used for drinking water supply.
For calculations of water balance pumping rates, water mixing, evaporative 2H enrichment and lake stratification were considered. From the Plitvice Lakes area variable water loss from the Korana River bed flowing towards springs near Bihać could be quantified, yielding e.g. 65% in September 2004.
A multi-tracer lumped parameter approach was applied to model MRTs of the karst springs using stable isotopes (2H and 18O), tritium (3H), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), sulfur hexafluorid (SF6) and noble gases (3He, 4He, 20Ne, 22Ne). Two groundwater flow components in karst aquifer could be distinguished: a) a quick flow component in the conduit network of a low storage capacity with a MRT up to 0.5 years, and b) a slow flow component in the fissured-porous aquifer of a high storage capacity with a MRT up to 28 years. Considering MRTs and discharge of each spring, a water storage capacity in the catchment area of springs could be obtained: up to 40 Mio. m33 in the conduit network and up to 670 Mio. m3 in the fissured-porous aquifer.
Sedimentation rates obtained by 137Cs range between 0.5 and 1.8 kg/(m2 yr) and between 0.8 and 4.4 kg/(m2 yr) for 210Pb. The great lakes Prošće (PR) and Kozjak (K1) are characterized by slower sedimentation rates than the small lakes Gradinsko (GR) and Kaludjerovac (KA). The most reliable dating model in this study is the 210Pb CF (constant flux) model. The dating results and chemical analysis have shown in Kozjak Lake a recent pollution through detergent-derived chemicals linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) with an increasing trend since the year 2000 (max. 4600 ng/g). It is most probably caused by the defects in the sewerage system. So an anthropogenic influence on eutrophication processes of the Plitvice Lakes cannot be excluded.
This work can be used by National Park administration and local water authorities for issues of sustainable water management and protection of groundwater resources in the transboundary karst aquifer. It also shows how the multi-tracer approach can give deeper insight into the karst system and points to the limitations on lumped parameter models applied to karst. Groundwater dating with 3H/3He using only the 3He/4He and helium and neon concentrations gives no unique results in this study due to the variable infiltration temperatures. With helium and neon concentrations only it is not possible to deduce any fractionation of excess air and possible gas loss. For this reason in karst studies also the heavy noble gases argon, krypton and xenon should be measured.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3151}
}

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