Scheyer, Torsten Michael: Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron) : implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins. - Bonn, 2007. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-12299
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3166,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-12299,
author = {{Torsten Michael Scheyer}},
title = {Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron) : implications for turtle systematics, functional morphology and turtle origins},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2007,
note = {The bone histology of the turtle shell is valuable for addressing osteoderm and shell formation, reconstruction of fossil integumentary soft-tissue structures, phylogenetic hypotheses and functional aspects of the turtle shell, with both carapace and plastron showing similar results. Besides intrinsic physiological factors, the shell bones are proposed to be influenced by a mosaic of phylogenetic and functional factors influencing the microstructural properties. The ratio between phylogenetic and functional constraints is highly variable among the major turtle groups, and only where functional aspects are less dominant, phylogenetic signals can be deduced from the bone histology. The bone histology can thus be used to verify existing intra-specific phylogenetic (e.g., morphological, molecular and serologic) hypotheses among turtles.
Groups that are well defined by bone histological characters are Bothremydidae, Pleurosternidae, Chelydridae, Plesiochelyidae and Thalassemydidae, Dermochelyidae, Dermatemydidae, Carettochelyidae and Trionychidae. Furthermore, the systematic position of uncertainly assigned taxa (e.g., aff. Platychelys sp., Platysternon megacephalum) and poorly known shell material (e.g., Kirtlington turtles) could be assessed. Aff. Platychelys sp., as well as Kirtlington histomorph I are both assigned to Pleurosternidae herein. Assignment of the latter taxon would indicate that the fossil record of Pleurosternidae has to be extended back into the Middle Jurassic. P. megacephalum was found to share some histological features with Chelydridae, thus supporting prior morphological hypothesis. In the other major turtle groups, the bone histology does not show clear phylogenetic signals or functional factors override existing phylogenetic signals respectively.
One functional aspect that profoundly influences turtle shell bone microstructures is the adaptation to an aquatic habitat and life-style. In this respect, all turtles were grouped into four categories (I “terrestrial environment” to IV “extreme adaptation to aquatic/marine environments”), based on their ecology/palaeoecology. Comparison of the oldest known turtles with recent ‘aquatic’ and ‘terrestrial’ turtles independently revealed a terrestrial palaeoecology for the basal Testudinata. Shell bone microstructures can further elucidate the origin of turtles. Based on the comparison of basal turtles and several outgroup taxa including osteoderm-bearing pareiasaurs, mammals, placodonts, archosauromorphs and lepidosaurs, the origin of turtles is hypothesised to lie within Diapsida, with close relationships to archosaurs. In the case of placodont armour, a unique bone tissue (here termed ´postcranial fibrocartilaginous bone`) is described and a general model of osteogenesis is proposed.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3166}
}

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