Grüne, Ansgar: Geometric Dilation and Halving Distance. - Bonn, 2008. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-13045
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3563,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-13045,
author = {{Ansgar Grüne}},
title = {Geometric Dilation and Halving Distance},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2008,
note = {Let us consider the network of streets of a city represented by a geometric graph G in the plane. The vertices of G represent the crossroads and the edges represent the streets. The latter do not have to be straight line segments, they may be curved. If one wants to drive from a place p to some other place q, normally the length of the shortest path along streets, d_G(p,q), is bigger than the airline distance (Euclidean distance) |pq|. The (relative) DETOUR is defined as delta_G(p,q) := d_G(p,q)/|pq|. The supremum of all these ratios is called the GEOMETRIC DILATION of G. It measures the quality of the network. A small dilation value guarantees that there is no bigger detour between any two points.
Given a finite point set S, we would like to know the smallest possible dilation of any graph that contains the given points on its edges. We call this infimum the DILATION of S and denote it by delta(S).
The main results of this thesis are
- a general upper bound to the dilation of any finite point set S, delta(S)<1.678
- a lower bound for a specific set P, delta(P)>(1+10^(-11))pi/2, which approximately equals 1.571
In order to achieve these results, we first consider closed curves. Their dilation depends on the HALVING PAIRS, pairs of points which divide the closed curve in two parts of equal length. In particular the distance between the two points is essential, the HALVING DISTANCE. A transformation technique based on halving pairs, the HALVING PAIR TRANSFORMATION, and the curve formed by the midpoints of the halving pairs, the MIDPOINT CURVE, help us to derive lower bounds to dilation. For constructing graphs of small dilation, we use ZINDLER CURVES. These are closed curves of constant halving distance.
To give a structured overview, the mathematical apparatus for deriving the main results of this thesis includes
- upper bound:
* the construction of certain Zindler curves to generate a periodic graph of small dilation
* an embedding argument based on a number theoretical result by Dirichlet
- lower bound:
* the formulation and analysis of the halving pair transformation
* a stability result for the dilation of closed curves based on this transformation and the midpoint curve
* the application of a disk-packing result
In addition, this thesis contains
- a detailed analysis of the dilation of closed curves
- a collection of inequalities, which relate halving distance to other important quantities from convex geometry, and their proofs; including four new inequalities
- the rediscovery of Zindler curves and a compact presentation of their properties
- a proof of the applied disk packing result.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3563}
}

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