Martinez Salgado, Maria Mercedes del Pilar: Influence of compost and humic substances on soil and fruit quality in Table Grape under intensive management in Chile. - Bonn, 2012. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29026
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/5112,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-29026,
author = {{Maria Mercedes del Pilar Martinez Salgado}},
title = {Influence of compost and humic substances on soil and fruit quality in Table Grape under intensive management in Chile},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2012,
month = sep,

note = {The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of organic amendments (compost and humic extracts) on some soil quality indicators, agronomic variables, and the exportable yield in table grape (Vitis vinifera, var.Thompson seedless) grown in an inceptisols soil in the Limari valley in Chile Experimental research was performed in three stages: 1) production of compost from grape pomace and the extraction of humic substances from it, 2) evaluation of the compost and humic extract as organic amendments in pots, and 3) evaluation of humic extract under field conditions. Compost was prepared using grape pomace by product from the production of pisco and goat manure in different proportions (9 treatments). The cocomposting process was monitored during a 220-day period. The optimal treatment was defined according to Chilean National Standard and Compost Council USA standards for compost, including: high humifi cation ratio (humic acids/fulvic acids: HA/FA), low concentration of heavy metals and microbial pathogens, high germination percentage (%G), and the incorporation of a considerable proportion of grape pomace. The compost produced under optimal treatments was used to obtain humic extract (liquid humus) by alkaline extraction (extraction ratio compost/extractant: 1:10 p/v). In the second phase of the research compost from grape pomace, liquid humus, a commercial microbial inoculant, and chemical NPK fertilizers were assessed under experimental conditions. Four C-rates were evaluated for each organic amendment:Compost—0, 500, 1000 and 2000 kg C/ha, and liquid humus—0,100, 200 and 400 kg C/ha and both organic materials at their maximum C-rates were also evaluated in the absence of chemical fertilization. Medium chemical fertilization levels were used. The fi eld phase of the experiment was conducted in a 1-year old table grape orchard under drip irrigation. Using a factorial experimental design, 16 treatments were evaluated during two seasons using liquid humus at four C-rates (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg C/ha) and chemical fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor at four N-rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg/ha). Chemical, biochemical, and microbiological soil properties, as well as fruit quality and exportable yield were determined each season and plant tissue was analyzed. A methodology to select a minimum data set size for establishing compost, soil, and fruit quality indices was developed using regression and frequency analysis. In each case treatments were considered, as populations and changes in different properties were evaluated over time. Three ecosystems exhibiting different soil types were used as a base line: 1) a xerophytic forest on a mountain slope (Mountain baseline, BLM), 2) a riparian vegetation site on the Rio Claro (River baseline, BLR), and 3) a site with uncultivated soil in the same grape field (AES).
The results indicated strong root development in plants treated with compost and inoculants application (p<0.029), obtaining more root dry matter than the control treatment; probably due to the production of indole acetic acid (IAA) and continuous mineralization of organic matter which increased nutrient availability. All compost treatments exhibited significant increases in the enzymatic activities of β-glucosidase (p<0,0001), acid phosphatase (p<0,001), and alkaline phosphatase (p<0,0001), that were significantly higher than the liquid humus treatments (56,6>13.8 UBG, 228,1>103,0 acid UP and 327,9>100,6 alkaline UP, respectively). This can be explained by the fact that compost increased total C, N and P concentrations, which stimulated enzymatic activity. In terms of organic matter content and enzymatic activity, significant differences (p<0,05) were found among the three baselines considered: BLR>BLM>AES. The enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase and β glusocidase, and the content of humic substances (HS: humic + fulvic acids) were selected from the minimum set of variables to explain changes in the soil where table grape was grown under fi eld conditions. The application of liquid humus resulted in significant (p<0,01) increases of: exportable harvest mass (from 13 T ha-1 to 16 T ha-1), water-soluble carbon, and humic substances. None of the traditional fruit quality parameters exhibited changes, the still content of total chlorophyll and polyphenoloxidase were proposed as potential indicators of fruit quality under the conditions found in this experiment.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/5112}
}

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