Gutbrod, Philipp: Studies on fatty acid de novo synthesis and metabolism in free-living and parasitic nematodes and their feeding sites in plants. - Bonn, 2016. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-44044
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/6618,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5n-44044,
author = {{Philipp Gutbrod}},
title = {Studies on fatty acid de novo synthesis and metabolism in free-living and parasitic nematodes and their feeding sites in plants},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2016,
month = jun,

note = {Lipids are essential constituents of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells being involved in membrane biogenesis, signaling and energy storage. Furthermore, organisms have evolved different ways to obtain and synthesize these molecules which is reflected in the various life styles. Whereas plants are capable to synthesize all their required lipids de novo, some animals like nematodes depend at least partly on dietary lipid supply. Nematodes are microscopic, ubiquitously present roundworms comprising free-living as well as plant- and animal-parasitic species. Among the plant parasitic nematodes, the sedentary cyst nematodes such as Heterodera sp. are economically important as they infect crops like soy bean and sugar beet. After invading a host plant, cyst nematodes establish a feeding site that acts as a sink tissue for plant metabolites supplying nutrients to the nematode.
In this work, I was interested to probe the importance of fatty acid de novo synthesis and dietary supply of fatty acids in the interaction between Heterodera schachtii and Arabidopsis thaliana.
To study fatty acid de novo synthesis, I determined the mode of action of spirotetramat (SPT) on the free living nematode C. elegans. Using a series of in vivo, biochemical, imaging and enzyme assays I show that SPT inhibits C. elegans acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) causing developmental arrest. Follow-up studies using H. schachtii and A. thaliana show that foliar applied SPT also causes developmental arrest in cyst nematodes. Bioinformatics revealed the presence of a H. schachtii ACC similar to other nematode ACC´s and its knock down by RNAi phenocopied the effect of foliar applied SPT. Together this suggest that cyst nematodes are depending on ACC activity for fatty acid de novo synthesis that is essential for development.
To study the involvement of dietary fatty acid supply, I first determined the lipidome of the nematode feeding sites which supply all required nutrients for the nematodes’ development. Most lipids were found at higher levels with triacylglycerol (TAG) showing the strongest fold-increase. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that increased syncytial fatty acid de novo synthesis and inhibition of lipolysis might be involved in TAG accumulation. This allowed candidate genes to be identified. Arabidopsis insertional lines for these candidate genes with impaired lipolytic capability favored nematode development. These findings support a concept of increased nutritional value of the feeding site due to impaired lipolysis and possibly increased TAG availability.
In conclusion, fatty acid de novo synthesis and dietary lipids are involved in cyst nematode development. Moreover, understanding the biology of these pathways can be translated into improved crop plants and novel approaches for nematode control.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/6618}
}

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