Demands for Redestributive Policies in an Era of Demographic Aging : The Rival Pressures from Age and Class in 15 OECD Countries
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Zusammenfassung
This paper is about the relative impact of retirement and social class on individual attitudes towards welfare state policies in advanced industrial democracies. Which factor is more important in explaining individuals' social policy preferences: socio-economic background or retirement? How can differences in patterns between countries be explained? These questions are explored using ordered logistic regression models on the 1996 ISSP Role of Government data set for fifteen countries. First, it is shown that retirement matters; there are consistent differences between policy areas that can be explained by life-cycle salience. Particularly in the case of preferences regarding education spending, being retired matters more than the socio-economic background. Second, some countries, such as the United States, show a higher salience of the age/retirement cleavage across all policy fields; age/retirement is a more important line of political conflict in these countries than in others. Third, country characteristics matter. Although the relative salience of retirement varies across policy areas, a large variance within each of the policy areas across countries is evident. Most interestingly, the more generous the state provisions are in a given policy area, the stronger the age/retirement cleavage is (with the exception of pension policies). Overall, the findings of this study are not in line with simple rational choice models. Instead, the explorative results call for more complex theoretical models, including institutional structures, in order to gain a better understanding of individuals' attitudes towards the welfare state in aging societies.
Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache
Dieses Discussion Paper untersucht den relativen Einfluss von Alter und Klassenposition auf die individuellen Einstellungen zu wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Politiken in entwickelten Industrienationen. Welcher Faktor trägt mehr zur Erklärung von sozialpolitischen Präferenzen bei: die sozioökonomische Klassenposition oder der Eintritt ins Rentenalter? Welche Faktoren erklären unterschiedliche Muster in einzelnen Ländern? Diese Fragen werden unter Verwendung des ISSP-Datensatzes "Role of Government" beantwortet, der Daten zu fünfzehn Ländern enthält. Hieraus ergibt sich erstens, dass der Übertritt ins Rentenalter einen Erklärungsbeitrag leisten kann, besonders, wenn man unterschiedliche Dynamiken in einzelnen Politikfeldern miteinander vergleicht. Im Fall Bildung zeigt sich, dass der Alterseffekt einen größeren Erklärungsbeitrag leistet als die sozioökonomische Klassenposition. Darüber hinaus weisen einige Länder, wie zum Beispiel die USA, in der Altersdimension ein insgesamt höheres Konfliktpotenzial auf als andere. Daraus folgt, dass selbst in einem gemeinsamen Politikfeld Länderunterschiede wichtig bleiben, denn es zeigt sich ein hoher Grad an Variation der relativen Erklärungskraft der Altersvariablen zwischen Ländern. Dabei zeigt sich, dass ein einfaches "Rational-Choice"-Modell die Ausprägung der Alterskonfliktlinie nicht ausreichend erklären kann. Die Autoren schlagen vor, stattdessen ein komplexeres Erklärungsmodell zu entwickeln, das den Einfluss der institutionellen Struktur von alternden Wohlfahrtsstaaten berücksichtigt.
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BUSEMEYER, Marius R., Achim GOERRES, Simon WESCHLE, 2008. Demands for Redestributive Policies in an Era of Demographic Aging : The Rival Pressures from Age and Class in 15 OECD CountriesBibTex
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series={MPIfG Discussion Paper},
title={Demands for Redestributive Policies in an Era of Demographic Aging : The Rival Pressures from Age and Class in 15 OECD Countries},
number={08/3},
url={http://www.mpifg.de/pu/mpifg_dp/dp08-3.pdf},
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