Effects of herbivory simulated by clipping and jasmonic acid on Solidago canadensis
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Herbivory is likely to be an important factor in the evolutionary ecology of plants and especially of aggressive invasive species. Because in the introduced range experimental treatment with non-native herbivores is laborious and may be risky for native plants, simulated herbivory by removal of plant tissue and treatment with jasmonic acid, which is a natural elicitor of defences against herbivores, may be a suitable alternative in experimental studies. We studied the effects of removal of 50% of the leaf area by clipping and of spraying with jasmonic acid on growth, morphology, leaf physiology and reproduction of the invasive Solidago canadensis in Europe. The relative height growth rate was reduced (–11.9%) by clipping in the period of day 0–20 but increased (+13.5%) in the period of day 42–138 after start of the treatments. As a consequence, final heights did not differ between treatment and control plants. Clipped plants, however, had thinner stems (–12.2%) than unclipped ones. Plants that had been sprayed with jasmonic acid tended to have shorter stem internodes (–14.7%), a lower specific leaf area (–4.6%), and to delay flowering (+4.4 days) than plants that had not been sprayed with jasmonic acid. The biomass of inflorescences was reduced by both clipping (–43.2%) and spraying with jasmonic acid (–32.2%). Because each, clipping and jasmonic acid, alone only induced some but partly different responses observed in previous studies with natural herbivores, the combined application of both covers the full response spectrum better and should therefore be used as the most realistic simulation of herbivory.
Zusammenfassung in einer weiteren Sprache
Pflanzenarten. Da das Einführen von Herbivoren aus dem Ursprungsgebiet zu Versuchszwecken oder zur biologischen Kontrolle mit Gefahren verbunden ist, kann der Einfluss von Herbivoren durch mechanische Entfernung von Pflanzenteilen oder durch die Behandlung mit Jasmonsäure nachgeahmt werden. Jasmonsäure ist ein natürlicher Auslöser von Abwehrreaktionen gegen Herbivoren bei Pflanzen. Wir untersuchten den Einfluss des Entfernens von 50% der Blattfläche, des Besprühens mit Jasmonsäure oder einer kombinierten Behandlung auf das Wachstum und die physiologischen Eigenschaften der Blätter der invasiven Art Solidago canadensis in Europa. Blattentfernung reduzierte die relative Höhenwachstumsrate der Sprosse um 11.9% in der Periode von 0–20 Tagen nach der Behandlung aber führte zu einer anschließenden Steigerung um 13.5% in der Periode von 42–138 Tagen, so dass die Endhöhe der Pflanzen durch diese simulierte Herbivorie nicht beeinflusst war. Behandlung mit Jasmonsäure führte zu verkürzten Stengelinternodien (–14.7%), verkleinerter Blattfläche (–4.6%) und verzögerter Blütezeit (+4.4 Tage). Die Infloreszenzbiomasse wurde durch die Blattentfernung um 43.2% und die Jasmonatbehandlung um 32.2% reduziert. Da die beiden Behandlungsfaktoren das Pflanzenwachstum unabhängig voneinander und in unterschiedlicher Weise beeinflussten und die beobachteten Pflanzenreaktionen in der Summe den in der Literatur beschriebenen Reaktionen auf natürliche Herbivorie entsprachen, kann die Kombination von mechanischer und chemischer Behandlung als optimale Simulation von Herbivorie bei S. canadensis und möglicherweise anderen invasiven Arten betrachtet werden.
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VAN KLEUNEN, Mark, Graziella RAMPONI, Bernhard SCHMID, 2004. Effects of herbivory simulated by clipping and jasmonic acid on Solidago canadensis. In: Basic and Applied Ecology. 2004, 5(2), pp. 173-181. ISSN 1439-1791. Available under: doi: 10.1078/1439-1791-00225BibTex
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doi={10.1078/1439-1791-00225},
title={Effects of herbivory simulated by clipping and jasmonic acid on Solidago canadensis},
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