@article{Basketter2012roadm-19687,
  year={2012},
  doi={10.14573/altex.2012.1.003},
  title={A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing},
  number={1},
  volume={29},
  issn={1868-596X},
  journal={Alternatives to animal experimentation : ALTEX},
  pages={3--91},
  author={Basketter, David A. and Clewell, Harvey and Kimber, Ian and Rossi, Annamaria and Blaauboer, Bas and Burrier, Robert and Daneshian, Mardas and Eskes, Chantra and Goldberg, Alan and Hasiwa, Nina and Hoffmann, Sebastian and Jaworska, Joana and Knudsen, Thomas B, and Landsiedel, Robert and Leist, Marcel and Locke, Paul and Maxwell, Gavin and McKim, James and McVey, Emily A. and Ouédraogo, Gladys and Patlewicz, Grace and Pelkonen, Olavi and Roggen, Erwin and Rovida, Costanza and Ruhdel, Irmela and Schwarz, Michael and Schepky, Andreas and Schoeters, Greet and Skinner, Nigel and Trentz, Kerstin and Turner, Marian and Vanparys, Philippe and Yager, James and Zurlo, Joanne and Hartung, Thomas}
}

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    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation>Publ. in: Alternatives to animal experimentation : ALTEX ; 29 (2012), 1. - S. 3-91</dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
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    <dc:creator>Daneshian, Mardas</dc:creator>
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    <dcterms:title>A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing</dcterms:title>
    <dc:contributor>Ouédraogo, Gladys</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Schepky, Andreas</dc:contributor>
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    <dc:contributor>Jaworska, Joana</dc:contributor>
    <dc:creator>Hoffmann, Sebastian</dc:creator>
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    <dc:contributor>Locke, Paul</dc:contributor>
    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repeated-dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity testing. An expert workshop of 35 participants from Europe and the US discussed and refined these whitepapers, which were subsequently compiled to form the present report. By prioritizing the many options to move the field forward, the expert group hopes to advance regulatory science.</dcterms:abstract>
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    <dc:creator>Rovida, Costanza</dc:creator>
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