Uncertainty Promotes Neuroreductionism : A Behavioral Online Study on Folk Psychological Causal Inference from Neuroimaging Data

Carmon, Jona; Bammel, Moritz; Brugger, Peter; Lenggenhager, Bigna

Uncertainty Promotes Neuroreductionism : A Behavioral Online Study on Folk Psychological Causal Inference from Neuroimaging Data

Dateien

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Datum

2021

Autor:innen

Carmon, Jona

Bammel, Moritz

Brugger, Peter

Lenggenhager, Bigna

Open Access-Veröffentlichung

Open Access Hybrid

Sammlungen

Psychologie

Publikationstyp

Zeitschriftenartikel

Publikationsstatus

Published

Erschienen in

Psychopathology. Karger. 2021, 54(6), pp. 298-304. ISSN 0033-264X. eISSN 1423-033X. Available under: doi: 10.1159/000518476

Zusammenfassung

Introduction: Increased efforts in neuroscience try to understand mental disorders as brain disorders. In the present study, we investigate how common a neuroreductionist inclination is among highly educated people. In particular, we shed light on implicit presuppositions of mental disorders little is known about in the public, exemplified here by the case of body integrity dysphoria (BID) that is considered a mental disorder for the first time in ICD-11.

Methods: Identically graphed, simulated data of mind-brain correlations were shown in 3 contexts with presumably different presumptions about causality. 738 highly educated lay people rated plausibility of causality attribution from the brain to mind and from mind to the brain for correlations between brain structural properties and mental phenomena. We contrasted participants’ plausibility ratings of causality in the contexts of commonly perceived brain lesion-induced behavior (aphasia), behavior-induced training effects (piano playing), and a newly described mental disorder (BID).

Results: The findings reveal the expected context-dependent modulation of causality attributions in the contexts of aphasia and piano playing. Furthermore, we observed a significant tendency to more readily attribute causal inference from the brain to mind than vice versa with respect to BID.

Conclusion: In some contexts, exemplified here by aphasia and piano playing, unidirectional causality attributions may be justified. However, with respect to BID, we critically discuss presumably unjustified neuroreductionist inclinations under causal uncertainty. Finally, we emphasize the need for a presupposition-free approach in psychiatry.

Fachgebiet (DDC)

150 Psychologie

Zitieren

ISO 690

CARMON, Jona, Moritz BAMMEL, Peter BRUGGER, Bigna LENGGENHAGER, 2021. Uncertainty Promotes Neuroreductionism : A Behavioral Online Study on Folk Psychological Causal Inference from Neuroimaging Data. In: Psychopathology. Karger. 2021, 54(6), pp. 298-304. ISSN 0033-264X. eISSN 1423-033X. Available under: doi: 10.1159/000518476

BibTex

@article{Carmon2021Uncer-57092,
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1159/000518476},
  title={Uncertainty Promotes Neuroreductionism : A Behavioral Online Study on Folk Psychological Causal Inference from Neuroimaging Data},
  number={6},
  volume={54},
  issn={0033-264X},
  journal={Psychopathology},
  pages={298--304},
  author={Carmon, Jona and Bammel, Moritz and Brugger, Peter and Lenggenhager, Bigna}
}

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    <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="eng">Introduction: Increased efforts in neuroscience try to understand mental disorders as brain disorders. In the present study, we investigate how common a neuroreductionist inclination is among highly educated people. In particular, we shed light on implicit presuppositions of mental disorders little is known about in the public, exemplified here by the case of body integrity dysphoria (BID) that is considered a mental disorder for the first time in ICD-11.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods: Identically graphed, simulated data of mind-brain correlations were shown in 3 contexts with presumably different presumptions about causality. 738 highly educated lay people rated plausibility of causality attribution from the brain to mind and from mind to the brain for correlations between brain structural properties and mental phenomena. We contrasted participants’ plausibility ratings of causality in the contexts of commonly perceived brain lesion-induced behavior (aphasia), behavior-induced training effects (piano playing), and a newly described mental disorder (BID).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results: The findings reveal the expected context-dependent modulation of causality attributions in the contexts of aphasia and piano playing. Furthermore, we observed a significant tendency to more readily attribute causal inference from the brain to mind than vice versa with respect to BID.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion: In some contexts, exemplified here by aphasia and piano playing, unidirectional causality attributions may be justified. However, with respect to BID, we critically discuss presumably unjustified neuroreductionist inclinations under causal uncertainty. Finally, we emphasize the need for a presupposition-free approach in psychiatry.</dcterms:abstract>
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