Phytoplankton food quality effects on gammarids : benthic–pelagic coupling mediated by an invasive freshwater clam
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Benthic–pelagic coupling mediated by bivalves has been shown to increase the flow of energy towards the benthos. To assess the capability of clams to process and therewith modify the quality of pelagic food sources for subsequent use by benthic invertebrates, we conducted a growth experiment in which juvenile Gammarus roeselii were raised either directly on sedimented pelagic autotrophs (algae, cyanobacteria) or on the same autotrophs biodeposited by the invasive freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea either as feces or pseudofeces. We show that growth and survival of G. roeselii are significantly improved when autotrophs are offered as biodeposition material and suggest that this clam-mediated upgrading of food quality is due to both an increased bioavailability of pelagic food particles, which are packed in mucus during clam processing, and an increased dietary provisioning with essential lipids (sterols and (or) polyunsaturated fatty acids) originating from the clams. Hence, filter-feeding bivalves provide a crucial link between the pelagic and benthic food web not only by deflecting energy fluxes, but also by processing and upgrading pelagic food (increased bioavailability, improved biochemical composition) for benthic invertebrates.
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Résumé : Il a été démontré que le couplage benthique-pélagique par l'entremise de bivalves accroît le transfert d'énergie vers le benthos. Afin d'évaluer la capacité des palourdes de transformer des sources de nourriture pélagiques et d'en modifier ainsi la qualité pour utilisation subséquente par des invertébrés benthiques, une expérience de croissance a été menée dans laquelle des Gammarus roeselii juvéniles ont été élevés directement sur des autotrophes (algues, cyanobactéries) pélagiques déposés ou sur les mêmes autotrophes biodéposés comme fèces ou pseudofèces par la palourde d'eau douce envahissante Corbicula fluminea. Nous démontrons des améliorations significatives de la croissance et de la survie de G. roeselii quand des autotrophes sont offerts sous forme de matières biodéposées et postulons que cette amélioration de la qualité de la nourriture par l'entremise des palourdes est due a la biodisponibilité accrue des particules de nourriture pélagiques, qui sont emmagasinées dans du mucus durant l'assimilation par la palourde, ainsi qu'a un apport alimentaire accru de lipides essentiels (stérols ou acides gras polyinsaturés) provenant des palourdes. Ainsi, les bivalves filtreurs constituent un lien clé entre les réseaux trophiques pélagique et benthique non seulement en détournant les flux d'énergie, mais également en traitant et en améliorant la nourriture pélagique (biodisponibilité accrue, composition biochimique améliorée) pour les invertébrés benthiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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BASEN, Timo, Rene GERGS, Karl-Otto ROTHHAUPT, Dominik MARTIN-CREUZBURG, 2013. Phytoplankton food quality effects on gammarids : benthic–pelagic coupling mediated by an invasive freshwater clam. In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2013, 70(2), pp. 198-207. ISSN 0706-652X. eISSN 1205-7533. Available under: doi: 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0188BibTex
@article{Basen2013Phyto-24545,
year={2013},
doi={10.1139/cjfas-2012-0188},
title={Phytoplankton food quality effects on gammarids : benthic–pelagic coupling mediated by an invasive freshwater clam},
number={2},
volume={70},
issn={0706-652X},
journal={Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
pages={198--207},
author={Basen, Timo and Gergs, Rene and Rothhaupt, Karl-Otto and Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik}
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