Palle, E., Nowak, G., Luque, R., Hidalgo, D., Barragan, O., Prieto-Arranz, J., Hirano, T., Fridlund, M., Gandolfi, D., Livingston, J., Dai, F., Morales, J. C., Lafarga, M., Albrecht, S., Alonso, R., Amado, P. J., Caballero, J. A., Cabrera, J., Cochran, W. D., Csizmadia, Sz, Deeg, H., Eigmueller, Ph, Endl, M., Erikson, A., Fukui, A., Guenther, E. W., Grziwa, S., Hatzes, A. P., Korth, J., Kuerster, M., Kuzuhara, M., Montanes Rodriguez, P., Murgas, F., Narita, N., Nespral, D., Paetzold, M., Persson, C. M., Quirrenbach, A., Rauer, H., Redfield, S., Reiners, A., Ribas, I, Smith, A. M. S., Van Eylen, V., Winn, J. N. and Zechmeister, M. (2019). Detection and Doppler monitoring of K2-285 (EPIC 246471491), a system of four transiting planets smaller than Neptune. Astron. Astrophys., 623. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Context. The Kepler extended mission, also known as K2, has provided the community with a wealth of planetary candidates that orbit stars typically much brighter than the targets of the original mission. These planet candidates are suitable for further spectroscopic follow-up and precise mass determinations, leading ultimately to the construction of empirical mass-radius diagrams. Particularly interesting is to constrain the properties of planets that are between Earth and Neptune in size, the most abundant type of planet orbiting Sun-like stars with periods of less than a few years. Aims. Among many other K2 candidates, we discovered a multi-planetary system around EPIC 246471491, referred to henceforth as K2-285, which contains four planets, ranging in size from twice the size of Earth to nearly the size of Neptune. We aim here at confirming their planetary nature and characterizing the properties of this system. Methods. We measure the mass of the planets of the K2-285 system by means of precise radial-velocity measurements using the CARMENES spectrograph and the HARPS-N spectrograph. Results. With our data we are able to determine the mass of the two inner planets of the system with a precision better than 15%, and place upper limits on the masses of the two outer planets. Conclusions. We find that K2-285b has a mass of M-b = 9.68(-1.37)(+1.21)M(circle plus) and a radius of R-b = 2.59(-0.06)(+0.06)R(circle plus), yielding a mean density of rho(b) = 3.07(-0.45)(+0.45) g cm(-3), while K2-285c has a mass of M-c = 15.68(-2.13)(+2.28)M(circle plus), radius of R-c = 3.53(-0.08)(+0.08)R(circle plus), and a mean density of rho(c) = 1.95(-0.28)(+0.32) g cm(-3). For K2-285d (R-d = 2.48(-0.06)(+0.06)R(circle plus)) and K2-285e (R-e = 1.95(-0.05)(+0.05)R(circle plus)), the upper limits for the masses are 6.5 M-circle plus and 10.7 M-circle plus, respectively. The system is thus composed of an (almost) Neptune-twin planet (in mass and radius), two sub-Neptunes with very different densities and presumably bulk composition, and a fourth planet in the outermost orbit that resides right in the middle of the super-Earth/sub-Neptune radius gap. Future comparative planetology studies of this system would provide useful insights into planetary formation, and also a good test of atmospheric escape and evolution theories.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Palle, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Luque, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hidalgo, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Barragan, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Prieto-Arranz, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hirano, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Livingston, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dai, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Morales, J. C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lafarga, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Albrecht, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Alonso, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Amado, P. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Caballero, J. A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cabrera, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cochran, W. D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, SzUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Deeg, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eigmueller, PhUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Endl, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Erikson, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fukui, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guenther, E. W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Grziwa, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hatzes, A. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Korth, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kuerster, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kuzuhara, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Montanes Rodriguez, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Murgas, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Narita, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nespral, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paetzold, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Persson, C. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Quirrenbach, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rauer, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Redfield, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Reiners, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ribas, IUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Smith, A. M. S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Van Eylen, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Winn, J. N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Zechmeister, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-154315
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834001
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 623
Date: 2019
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
STARS; PARAMETERSMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/15431

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